Irregular Verbs
ENGL6699 Old English: Preterite-Present Verbs
Memorize the following paradigms:
|
|
cunnan ‘know how to’ |
magan ‘be able to’ |
sculan ‘be obliged to’ |
witan ‘know’ |
||
|
infinitive |
|
cunnan |
*magan |
sculan |
witan |
|
|
present indicative |
1 |
sg. |
cann |
mæġ |
sceal |
wāt |
|
2 |
canst |
meaht |
scealt |
wāst |
||
|
3 |
cann |
mæġ |
sceal |
wāt |
||
|
|
pl. |
cunnon |
magon |
sculon |
witon |
|
|
past indicative |
1 |
sg. |
cūðe |
meahte, mihte |
sceolde |
wisse, wiste |
|
2 |
cūðest |
meahtest, mihtest |
sceoldest |
wistest |
||
|
3 |
|
cūðe |
meahte, mihte |
sceolde |
wisse, wiste |
|
|
|
pl. |
cūðon |
meahton, mihton |
sceoldon |
wisson, wiston |
|
|
present subjunctive |
|
sg. |
cunne |
mæġe |
scyle, scule |
wite |
|
|
|
pl. |
cunnen |
mæġen |
scylen, sculen |
witen |
|
past subjunctive |
|
sg. |
cūðe |
meahte, mihte |
sceolde |
wisse, wiste |
|
|
|
pl. |
cūðen |
meahten, mihten |
sceolden |
wissen, wisten |
|
participles |
|
― |
― |
― |
witende |
|
|
-cunnen, cūð |
― |
― |
witen |
|||
Know the meanings of these verbs, but no need to memorize the forms:
|
āgan. |
possess. iċ āh, þū āhst, hīe āgon; past āhte. |
|
dugan. |
be good (for something). iċ dēag, hīe dugon; subjunctive duge, dyġe; past dohte. |
|
*durran. |
dare. iċ dearr, hīe durron; subjunctive durre, dyrre; past dorste. |
|
*mōtan. |
must, be allowed. iċ mōt, þū mōst, hīe mōton; past mōste. |
|
ġemunan. |
remember. iċ ġeman, hīe ġemunon; subjunctive ġemune, ġemyne; past ġemunde. |
|
*ġe-, *benugan. |
be enough. hit ġeneah, hīe ġenugon; past benohte. |
|
þurfan. |
need. iċ þearf, þū þearft, hīe þurfon; subjunctive þurfe, þyrfe; past þorfte. |
|
unnan. |
grant, give, allow. iċ ann, hīe unnon; past ūðe.
*asterisked forms* do not exist in the texts |
Memorize the following irregular verbs:
|
|
dōn ‘do’ |
gān ‘go’ |
willan ‘will’ |
sēon ‘see’ |
|||
|
infinitive |
|
dōn |
gān |
willan |
sēon |
||
|
present indicative |
1 |
sg. |
dō |
gā |
wille |
sēo |
|
|
2 |
dēst |
gǣst |
wilt |
sīehst |
|||
|
3 |
dēð |
gǣð |
wile |
sīehð |
|||
|
|
pl. |
dōð |
gāð |
willað |
sēoð |
||
|
past indicative |
1 |
|
dyde |
ēode |
wolde |
seah |
|
|
2 |
dydest |
ēodest |
woldest |
sāwe |
|||
|
3 |
|
dyde |
ēode |
wolde |
seah |
||
|
|
pl. |
dydon |
ēodon |
woldon |
seah |
||
|
present subjunctive |
|
sg. |
dō |
gā |
wille |
sēo |
|
|
|
|
pl. |
dōn |
gān |
willen |
sēon |
|
|
past subjunctive |
|
sg. |
dyde |
ēode |
wolde |
sāwe |
|
|
|
|
pl. |
dyden |
ēoden |
wolden |
sāwen |
|
|
participles |
|
dōnde |
― |
willende |
|
||
|
ġedōn |
ġegān |
― |
|
||||